Atom: Difference between revisions
Thakshashila (talk | contribs) |
Thakshashila (talk | contribs) |
||
| (2 intermediate revisions by the same user not shown) | |||
| Line 20: | Line 20: | ||
* Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, leading to variations in atomic mass. | * Isotopes: Atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons, leading to variations in atomic mass. | ||
= Properties of Atoms= | ==Properties of Atoms== | ||
Atoms exhibit several fundamental properties: | Atoms exhibit several fundamental properties: | ||
* Size: Typically in the range of picometers (1 pm = 10⁻¹² m). | * Size: Typically in the range of picometers (1 pm = 10⁻¹² m). | ||
* Charge: Atoms are electrically neutral unless they lose or gain electrons to form ions. | * Charge: Atoms are electrically neutral unless they lose or gain electrons to form ions. | ||
* Reactivity: Dependent on the arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell. | * Reactivity: Dependent on the arrangement of electrons in the outermost shell. | ||
= Atomic Theories= | |||
==Atomic Theories== | |||
Several theories have been proposed to explain atomic structure: | Several theories have been proposed to explain atomic structure: | ||
* Dalton's Atomic Theory (1803): Proposed that atoms are indivisible and combine to form compounds. | * Dalton's Atomic Theory (1803): Proposed that atoms are indivisible and combine to form compounds. | ||
| Line 32: | Line 33: | ||
* Bohr’s Model (1913): Introduced quantized electron orbits. | * Bohr’s Model (1913): Introduced quantized electron orbits. | ||
* Quantum Mechanical Model: The modern atomic theory describing electron probability clouds instead of fixed orbits. | * Quantum Mechanical Model: The modern atomic theory describing electron probability clouds instead of fixed orbits. | ||
= Importance of Atoms in Chemistry= | |||
==Importance of Atoms in Chemistry== | |||
Atoms play a crucial role in: | Atoms play a crucial role in: | ||
* Chemical Reactions: Atoms rearrange to form new substances through bonding. | * Chemical Reactions: Atoms rearrange to form new substances through bonding. | ||